face="Times New Roman Star"syna- 2, syns?y 'explorer'
face="Times New Roman Star"sin 1 (R.), syna- 2 (Pav. C., Abush.)
face="Times New Roman Star"sin 1, sina- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sini- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"syna- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sy:n 1, sy:na- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"syna- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"syna- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"si:na"- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"syn 1, syna- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"syn 1, syna- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"syna- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"hyn 1, hyna- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"syna- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"sync?y 'explorer'
face="Times New Roman Star"syn 1
face="Times New Roman Star"syna- 2, sync?y 'prophet'
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 835, VEWT 417, ЭСТЯ 7 (the root should be distinguished from *syjn 'body, idol' q. v. sub *si_u\nu, although they tend to contaminate). Turk. > Mong. sina-, see Щербак 1997, 145.
face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ka"n `name of a mountain ridge in Tuva' (ФиЛ 215)
face="Times New Roman Star"o"tu"ka"n `ровное широкое место на белках, удобное для пастьбы оленей' (ФиЛ 215)
face="Times New Roman Star"Лексика 85; ДТС 393; Stachowski 201. Chuv. va- points only to PT *o":-. Turk. > Bur. u"tu"gen `shaman word for earth' > Yak. u"tu"gen 'неизвестная даль; преисподняя' (Пек. III 3195).
face="Times New Roman Star"1 old man or woman 2 mother 3 grandmother 4 sister (of woman) 5 mother (if the grandmother is still alive) 5 mother (addr. to an elder woman) 6 aunt, sister of father 7 elder brother 8 uncle 9 ancestor 10 Father! (to the God) 11 old man, elder man 12 husband 13 younger brother of father's father 14 grandfather 15 father
face="Times New Roman Star"1 старый мужчина или женщина 2 мать 3 бабушка 4 сестра (женщины) 5 мать (при живой бабушке) 5 мать (обр. к пожилой женщине) 6 тетя, сестра отца 7 старший брат 8 дядя 9 предок 10 Отче! (обр. к Богу) 11 старик, пожилой человек 12 муж 13 младший брат деда 14 дед 15 отец
face="Times New Roman Star"ec?i 7, 8 (Orkh.), ec?u" 9 (Orkh., OUygh.)
face="Times New Roman Star"ec?i 1 (MK), ec?u" 10 (KB)
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|u (dial.), ez?|e 11
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|a, az?|i, e|z?|i 5 (dial., ТТДС 22, 551), azyj, e|zi 11, 15 (dial., ТТДС 23, 540)
face="Times New Roman Star"o|c?a, ac?a 2, 3
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 6
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?y 4, ac?a 12, 15
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|a 7, 8
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 7, 8
face="Times New Roman Star"Leb. az?|y, az?|a 7, ac?a 13
face="Times New Roman Star"az/a 15
face="Times New Roman Star"ehe 14
face="Times New Roman Star"ehe 14
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?a 15
face="Times New Roman Star"as?'a, az?|a 7, 15
face="Times New Roman Star"ac?aj 5, az?|a 11
face="Times New Roman Star"a"sa" 2
face="Times New Roman Star"az?|aj 5, ec?iw 6
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 35, ЭСТЯ 1, 231-235, TMN 2, 15, Егоров 35, Лексика 299, Clark 1977, 128, Stachowski 43. Shortness is suggested by pharyngealization in Tofalar, so the variants with -z?|- are probably due to expressive gemination (*ac?c?V / *ec?c?V).
face="Times New Roman Star"qal- 'to come to an end' (CCum.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qala- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"xoll-en 'slowly'
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 224. EDT 615-616. Chuv. xullen is derived (by Tekin 1975, 281) from PT *K(i)al/an| (v. sub *ki_ol/a), but it rather belongs here.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 opposite 2 be opposite, meet 3 bandit
face="Times New Roman Star"1 противоположный 2 встречаться 3 разбойник
face="Times New Roman Star"qars?y (OUygh.) 1; qaraqc?y (OUygh.) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qars?u (MK, KB), qars?y (KB) 1, qaraqc?y (KB) 3, qaraqla- (MK) 'to rob'
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq (Pav. C., Abush.) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qe|re|qc?i 3
face="Times New Roman Star"Gars?y- 2; Garaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"xir@s/- 2; xorax 3
face="Times New Roman Star"xar, xa:r 1 (Пек.); xar-da 'retaliation'; xarys- 'to fight (with each other)'
face="Times New Roman Star"kar-da 'retaliation', karys- 'to fight'
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqc?y 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraqs?y 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qaraq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 235, ЭСТЯ 5, 294-295, 326-327, Ашм. XVI, 219-220, Федотов 2, 365-366, Stachowski 139, 140. Chuv. xir@s/- may actually reflect a different root (see *geru"l/-), or a contamination. Turk. qars?y > Mong. qarsi (Clark 1980, 41). Cf. also *Karma 'robbery'.
face="Times New Roman Star"jarg|u 4, dial. z?|ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar 2 (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"jarlyq 1, dial. z?|ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"d/ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"s/yrlъx 1
face="Times New Roman Star"c?ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?|ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"z?ar 2
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 188-9, EDT 966-7, ЭСТЯ 4, 18-20 (one can hardly agree with Clauson that jarlyg| is a loan from an unknown source). Mong. loans from Turk. are widely spread: Mong. z?|ar 'announcement', z?|arqu, z?|arg|u 'judgement, court', z?|arliq 'order', z?|arg|uc?i 'judge' (see TMN 1, 278, 4, 58-66, 157, Щербак 1997, 123).
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 217, EDT 593. MK's gloss is analysed as a reciprocal derivative < *Kac?- 'to flee', but this is obviously a folk etymology.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 pasture 2 far environs 3 (summer) camp, dwelling place, village 4 herd
face="Times New Roman Star"1 пастбище 2 дальние страны 3 хутор, деревня 4 отара, стадо баранов
face="Times New Roman Star"utar 3
face="Times New Roman Star"o.to|r 4
face="Times New Roman Star"otar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"odor 1
face="Times New Roman Star"otor 3
face="Times New Roman Star"odar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"otor 1, 2
face="Times New Roman Star"otar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"otar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"utar 3
face="Times New Roman Star"otar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"otar 1
face="Times New Roman Star"otar 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 367, ЭСТЯ 1, 487-488. Usually derived from *ot 'grass' but the morphological pattern is unclear; the word might well be archaic despite lack of ancient attestation. Cf. also Balkan words like Hung. hata/r etc., most probably of Turkic origin. Turk. > WMong. otar, Kalm. otr (KW 291).
face="Times New Roman Star"EDT 121-122, VEWT 39, TMN 2, 194, ЭСТЯ 1, 339-343, Егоров 352, Лексика 316. The meaning "peace" attested in MK is probably the most archaic (cf. the external parallels; typologically cf. also Slavic *mirъ 'peace' > 'world'), suggesting a development *'peace' > 'peaceful people, realm, country'.
face="Times New Roman Star"1 peeled skin 2 to peel 3 dandruff
face="Times New Roman Star"1 содранная кожа 2 сдирать (кожу) 3 перхоть
face="Times New Roman Star"kav 1, kovak 1, kavla- 2
face="Times New Roman Star"qawyq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qav 1 (AH) , qavaq 3 (CCum.)
face="Times New Roman Star"qavaq 'shell' (dial.)
face="Times New Roman Star"GovaG 3
face="Times New Roman Star"Gov 1
face="Times New Roman Star"xa:x 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qoq (Верб.), qa:q (dial.) 3
face="Times New Roman Star"qaw 1, qawaq 3
face="Times New Roman Star"VEWT 214, EDT 578, ЭСТЯ 5, 160-161, 6, 7-8. This root should be distinguished from *Ka:puk 'bark' (v. sub *k`a:/p`a\), although they are partially confused in VEWT 234-5. See also EDT 583.
